Summary of the origin of the term Benchmarking
The term benchmarking is derived from surveying, where surveyors have used benchmarks for hundreds of years to establish predetermined locations on which other points are based. The Oxford Dictionary refers to a mark carved by surveyors in a wall, column or building, used as a benchmark for measuring heights. The Urban Dictionary refers to a post or other permanent mark established at a known elevation that is used as the basis for measuring the elevation of other topographical points. The height of any new benchmark is calculated by referring to the heights of nearby benchmarks in a grid extending from the original benchmark, which is often measured at sea level. The location and height of each benchmark is displayed on large-scale maps, and the following images show some examples of these benchmarks.
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