Citizenship: United States
Born: (1915-Iowa-USA) / Died: (2008-USA)
Education:
1940: Doctoral degree in psychology from Harvard.
1938: Master’s degree from Harvard University.
1937: Bachelor’s degree from Swarthmore College.
Biography:
Dorwin Cartwright, one of the founders of the field of group dynamics, the son of a preacher. During his early years he often moved throughout the country. He spent a postdoctoral period working with Kurt Lewin at the State University of Iowa. During World War II, Cartwright joined the Division of Programs and Surveys in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, where he met Rensis Likert and Angus Campbell. His studies of motives for the purchase of war bonds and the effect of bombing on civilian morale in Germany were among the first social surveys to use psychological concepts. In 1945 Cartwright helped Lewin found the Research Center for Group Dynamics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Following Lewin’s death in 1946, Cartwright became the center’s director, bringing it to the University — one of the first in the nation to offer a doctorate in social psychology. The center joined the Survey Research Center to create ISR. In Ann Arbor Cartwright led research projects that included work with a United Auto Workers local to provide an objective evaluation of a program designed to improve the acceptance of minority group members. In another laboratory experiment, Cartwright and colleagues investigated how discrimination affected group morale. Working with labor unions, corporations and educational institutions, Cartwright and colleagues deliberately moved the developing field of group dynamics out of the ivory tower and into practical use. Cartwright and Frank Harary were the first to demonstrate how mathematics in the form of graph theory could be used to analyze social networks. This approach allowed social networks to be analyzed both as objective systems – who helps, talks to or beats up whom, for example – as well as psychological or cognitive systems – how people perceive or represent these objective systems in their heads-. In his 31 years at Michigan, Cartwright’s research and writing topics included the mathematical foundations of group dynamics, the sources of social power, the nature of group structure and the causes of risk taking in groups.
Publications: (Get it via Amazon)
1982: Book (Behaviorism, Science, and Human Nature).
1968: Book (Group Dynamics: Research and Theory).
1966: Book (Structural Models: An Introduction to the Theory of Directed Graphs).
1959: Book (Studies in Social Power).
1956: Article (Structural Balance: A generalization of Heider’s theory).
1951: Book (Field Theory in Social Science).
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