You can review the previous articles from the series:
1- Balance Theory: Introduction.
The concepts related to the Balance Theory appeared for the first time in the study of the Austrian researcher (Fritz Heider) in (1946) which entitled (Attitudes and cognitive organization), and then these concepts were generalized and expanded later under the name of (Structural Balance) by two American researchers (Dorwin Cartwright) and (Frank Harary) who are employees at the Research Center for Group Dynamics at the University of Michigan, and researchers to this day are still conducting scientific studies on the applied fields of the concepts of balance theory.
Balance theory was conceived by Heider as a psychological theory describing the interdependent nature of human relations. One person’s affective nature of relationship (‘positive’ or ‘negative’) with another person is dependent upon their evaluation of or attitude toward a third person or an entity. Cartwright and Harary have provided sociologists with a formal mathematical framework of graph theory to explore the compositional properties arising from balance. The formation and generalization of balance theory by Cartwright and Harary have allowed many sociologists over times to explore the social structure and group processes. (Nakamura et al, 2019: 4)
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