You can review the previous articles from the series:
1- Balance Theory: Introduction.
2- Balance Theory: The First Beginnings.
Upon returning to Heider’s study, we find that he indicates the following: A balanced configuration exists if the attitudes towards the parts of a causal unit[1] are similar. Heider indicates that we shall understand by attitude the positive or negative relationship of a person p to another person o or to an impersonal entity[2] x which may be a situation, an event, an idea, or a thing, etc. Examples are: to like, to love, to esteem, to value, and their opposites. A positive relation of this kind will be written L, a negative one ~L. Thus, pLo means p likes, loves, or values o, or, expressed differently, o is positive for p. The relation “unit” will be written U. Examples are: similarity, proximity, causality, membership, possession, or belonging. pUx can mean, for instance, p owns x, or p made x; p~Ux means p does not own x, etc.
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